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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(3): 292-301, Abr. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-231694

RESUMO

Introduction: This paper highlights the relationship of inflammation and oxidative stress as damage mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), considered an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Development: The oxidative stress concept has been defined by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants. There is necessary to do physiological functions, like the respiration chain, but in certain conditions, the production of reactive species overpassed the antioxidant systems, which could cause tissue damage. On the other hand, it is well established that inflammation is a complex reaction in the vascularized connective tissue in response to diverse stimuli. However, an unregulated prolonged inflammatory process also can induce tissue damage. Conclusion: Both inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated since one could promote the other, leading to a toxic feedback system, which contributes to the inflammatory and demyelination process in MS.(AU)


Introducción: Este trabajo destaca la relación de la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo como mecanismos de daño de la esclerosis múltiple, considerada enfermedad inflamatoria y autoinmune. Desarrollo: El concepto de estrés oxidativo se ha definido por un desequilibrio entre oxidantes y antioxidantes a favor de los oxidantes. Es necesario para realizar funciones fisiológicas, como la cadena respiratoria, pero en ciertas condiciones la producción de especies reactivas sobrepasaba los sistemas antioxidantes, lo que podría causar daño tisular. Por otro lado, está establecido que la inflamación es una reacción compleja en el tejido conectivo vascularizado en respuesta a diversos estímulos, pero un proceso inflamatorio prolongado no regulado también puede inducir daño tisular. Conclusión: Tanto la inflamación como el estrés oxidativo están interrelacionados entre sí, ya que uno de ellos podría promover al otro, dando lugar a un sistema de retroalimentación tóxico, que contribuye al desarrollo del proceso inflamatorio y desmielinizante en la esclerosis múltiple.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Neurologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Esclerose Múltipla
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(3): 292-301, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38553104

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This paper highlights the relationship of inflammation and oxidative stress as damage mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), considered an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. DEVELOPMENT: The oxidative stress concept has been defined by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants. There is necessary to do physiological functions, like the respiration chain, but in certain conditions, the production of reactive species overpassed the antioxidant systems, which could cause tissue damage. On the other hand, it is well established that inflammation is a complex reaction in the vascularized connective tissue in response to diverse stimuli. However, an unregulated prolonged inflammatory process also can induce tissue damage. CONCLUSION: Both inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated since one could promote the other, leading to a toxic feedback system, which contributes to the inflammatory and demyelination process in MS.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla , Humanos , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Inflamação , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Oxidantes
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(1): 205-215, feb. 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528814

RESUMO

SUMMARY: This study assessed the effects of Acacia Senegal (AS) combined with insulin on Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and mRNA expression, serum glucose, renal function, and oxidative stress in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Sixty rats were equally divided into six groups: normal control, normal+AS, diabetic (DM), DM+insulin, DM+AS, and DM+insulin+AS groups. Diabetes mellitus (type 1) was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and insulin and AS treatments were carried until rats were culled at the end of week 12. Serum glucose and creatinine levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Renal homogenate levels of NKA activity and gene expression, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated as well as kidney tissue histology and ultrastructure. Diabetes caused glomerular damage and modulation of blood and tissue levels of creatinine, glucose, HbA1c, malondialdehyde, NKA activity and gene expression, SOD, catalase and GSH, which were significantly (p<0.05) treated with AS, insulin, and insulin plus AS. However, AS+insulin treatments were more effective. In conclusion, combined administration of AS with insulin to rats with DN decreased NKA activity and gene expression as well as oxidative stress, and improved glycemic state and renal structure and function.


Este estudio evaluó los efectos de Acacia senegal (AS) combinada con insulina sobre la actividad Na+/K+- ATPasa (NKA) y la expresión de ARNm, la glucosa sérica, la función renal y el estrés oxidativo en un modelo de nefropatía diabética (ND) en ratas. Sesenta ratas se dividieron equitativamente en seis grupos: control normal, normal+AS, diabética (DM), DM+insulina, DM+AS y DM+insulina+AS. La diabetes mellitus (tipo 1) se indujo mediante una única inyección de estreptozotocina (65 mg/kg), y los tratamientos con insulina y AS se llevaron a cabo hasta que las ratas fueron sacrificadas al final de la semana 12. Se midieron niveles séricos de glucosa y creatinina, hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c). Se evaluaron los niveles de homogeneizado renal de actividad NKA y expresión génica, malondialdehído, superóxido dismutasa (SOD), catalasa y glutatión reducido (GSH), así como la histología y ultraestructura del tejido renal. La diabetes causó daño glomerular y modulación de los niveles sanguíneos y tisulares de creatinina, glucosa, HbA1c, malondialdehído, actividad y expresión génica de NKA, SOD, catalasa y GSH, los cuales fueron tratados significativamente (p<0,05) con AS, insulina e insulina más AS. Sin embargo, los tratamientos con AS+insulina fueron más efectivos. En conclusión, la administración combinada de AS con insulina a ratas con DN disminuyó la actividad de NKA y la expresión genética, así como el estrés oxidativo, y mejoró el estado glucémico y la estructura y función renal.


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/efeitos dos fármacos , Nefropatias Diabéticas/tratamento farmacológico , Acacia/química , Superóxido Dismutase , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Quimioterapia Combinada , Controle Glicêmico , Insulina/administração & dosagem , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Malondialdeído
4.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38423177

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of dexmedetomidine impact on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI), kidney function, and metabolic and oxidative stress in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with heart-lung machine support. METHODS: A randomized double-masked trial with 238 participants (50-75 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022. The participants were divided into Dex (n=119) and NS (n = 119) groups. Dex was administered at 0.5 mcg/kg over 10minutes, then 0.4 mcg/kg/h until the end of surgery; the NS group received equivalent saline. Blood and urine were sampled at various time points pre- and postsurgery. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of CSA-AKI, defined as the occurrence of AKI within 96hours after surgery. RESULTS: The incidence of CSA-AKI was significantly lower in the Dex group than in the NS group (18.26% vs 32.46%; P=.014). Substantial increases were found in estimated glomerular filtration rate value at T4-T6 (P<.05) and urine volume 24hours after surgery (P<.01). Marked decreases were found in serum creatinine level, blood glucose level at T1-T2 (P<.01), blood urea nitrogen level at T3-T6 (P<.01), free fatty acid level at T2-T3 (P<.01), and lactate level at T3-T4 (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Dex reduces CSA-AKI, potentially by regulating metabolic disorders and reducing oxidative stress.

5.
Iberoam. j. med ; 6(1): 3-9, 2024. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-229284

RESUMO

Introduction: Studies on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in COVID-19 patients are limited. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some biomarkers of oxidant-antioxidant status with COVID-19 disease. Material and methods: The patients older than 18 years of age who tested positive for SARS CoV-2 PCR (polymerase chain reaction) with clinical symptoms and signs were included in this study. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total antioxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and HO-1 and Nrf2 levels were analyzed from serum samples taken before and after treatment. Results: In this study, 16 patients followed up with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. 9 (56.3%) of the patients were female and 7 (43.8%) were male. The mean age was 33.75 ± 17.03 years. All patients were symptomatic and were hospitalized to be followed up. It was determined that Nrf2 and HO-1 values increased significantly after treatment. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Nrf2 and TAS values and TAS increases significantly in parallel to an increase in Nrf2, and there was a significant but negative correlation between Nrf2 and TOS and OSI values, and thus an increase in Nrf2 led to a decrease in TOS and OSI values. There was a significant positive correlation between HO-1 and TAS, and TAS increased significantly, as HO-1 increased. Conclusions: The decrease in TOS and OSI and the increase in Nrf2 and HO-1 during the follow-up period in COVID-19 patients suggest that the body tries to prevent ROS-related oxidative stress via Nrf2 and HO-1 and that oxidative stress may have a key role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. (AU)


Introducción: Los estudios sobre los niveles del factor 2 relacionado con el factor nuclear eritroide 2 (Nrf2) y la hemo oxigenasa-1 (HO-1) en pacientes con COVID-19 son limitados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre algunos biomarcadores del estado oxidante-antioxidante con la enfermedad COVID-19. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en este estudio los pacientes mayores de 18 años que dieron positivo a PCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) de SARS CoV-2 con síntomas y signos clínicos. Se analizaron el estado antioxidante total (TAS), el estado antioxidante total (TOS), el índice de estrés oxidativo (OSI) y los niveles de HO-1 y Nrf2 a partir de muestras de suero tomadas antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: En este estudio se incluyeron 16 pacientes seguidos con diagnóstico de COVID-19. 9 (56,3%) de los pacientes eran mujeres y 7 (43,8%) eran hombres. La edad media fue 33,75 ± 17,03 años. Todos los pacientes presentaban síntomas y fueron hospitalizados para seguimiento. Se determinó que los valores de Nrf2 y HO-1 aumentaron significativamente después del tratamiento. Además, hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre los valores de Nrf2 y TAS y TAS aumenta significativamente en paralelo a un aumento en Nrf2, y también hubo una correlación significativa pero negativa entre Nrf2 y los valores de TOS y OSI y, por lo tanto, un aumento en Nrf2 condujo a una disminución en los valores TOS y OSI. Hubo una correlación positiva significativa entre HO-1 y TAS, y TAS aumentó significativamente a medida que aumentaba HO-1. Conclusiones: La disminución de TOS y OSI y el aumento de Nrf2 y HO-1 durante el período de seguimiento en pacientes con COVID-19 sugieren que el cuerpo intenta prevenir el estrés oxidativo relacionado con ROS a través de Nrf2 y HO-1 y que el estrés oxidativo puede tener un papel clave en la fisiopatología de COVID-19. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Biomarcadores/análise , Oxidantes , Antioxidantes , Heme Oxigenase-1 , Células Eritroides
6.
Nutr Hosp ; 40(6): 1183-1191, 2023 Dec 14.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38084629

RESUMO

Introduction: Introduction: excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by alterations in the inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress, and these variables are associated with insulin resistance and increased glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, vitamins and minerals reinforce the antioxidant and inflammatory capacity, for this reasons we propose that they could contribute to the control of insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of obesity. Objective: to analyze the effect of a multivitamin supplement on markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese rats on a cafeteria diet. Methods: thirty-five 28-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1, standard diet control; 2, standard diet plus multivitamin; 3, obese on a cafeteria diet; and 4, obese on a cafeteria diet plus multivitamin. After the treatments, glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, oxidative stress and lipid profile were analyzed by colorimetric methods, as well as the percentage of adipose tissue, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Results: multivitamin supplementation significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue, HOMA index, glucose, HbA1c, oxidant stress, and inflammatory markers in the obese plus multivitamin rat group, compared with the obese cafeteria diet rat group and the standard diet rat control group. However, the group that was administered only the multivitamin without the cafeteria diet had increased levels of total adipose tissue, glucose, and oxidative stress, as well as the QUICKI index relative to the control group with the standard diet. Conclusion: co-administration of a multivitamin supplement may improve insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism and lipid profile; strengthen antioxidant status; and decrease inflammation during weight gain. However, it was not expected that added sugars in multivitamin supplement can also increase total adipose tissue, oxidative stress and glucose levels, so it is suggested to use sugar-free multivitamins in the future.


Introducción: Introducción: la acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo se acompaña de alteraciones en el estado inflamatorio y aumento del estrés oxidativo, variables que se asocian con la resistencia a la insulina e incremento en los niveles de glucosa e insulina. las vitaminas y minerales refuerzan la capacidad antioxidante e inflamatoria, por lo que planteamos que podrían coadyuvar en el control de resistencia a la insulina y en el metabolismo de la glucosa y lípidos en un modelo de obesidad en rata. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de un suplemento multivitamínico sobre marcadores de resistencia a la insulina, inflamación y estrés oxidativo en ratas obesas con dieta de cafetería. Métodos: se dividieron aleatoriamente 35 ratas macho Wistar de 28 días de edad en cuatro grupos: 1, control dieta estándar; 2, dieta estándar más multivitamínico; 3, obesas con dieta de cafetería; y 4, obesas con dieta de cafetería más multivitamínico. Después de los tratamientos se analizaron los niveles de glucosa, HbA1c, insulina, TNF-α, IL-6, estrés oxidativo y perfil de lípidos por métodos colorimétricos, así como el porcentaje de tejido adiposo y los índices Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Resultados: el suplemento multivitamínico disminuyó significativamente el tejido adiposo visceral, el índice HOMA, la glucosa, la HbA1c, el estrés oxidante y los marcadores inflamatorios en el grupo obeso más multivitamínico, en comparación con el grupo obeso con dieta de cafetería y el grupo control con dieta estándar. Sin embargo, en el grupo al que se le administró solo el multivitamínico sin dieta de cafetería aumentaron sus niveles de tejido adiposo total, glucosa y estrés oxidativo, así como el índice QUICKI con relación al grupo control con dieta estándar. Conclusión: la coadministración de un suplemento multivitamínico puede mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, el metabolismo de glucosa y el perfil de lípidos; fortalecer el estado antioxidante; y disminuir la inflamación durante el incremento de peso. Sin embargo, no se esperaba que los azúcares añadidos en el suplemento multivitamínico también pueden incrementar el tejido adiposo total y los niveles de estrés oxidativo y glucosa, por lo que se sugiere a futuro utilizar multivitamínicos libres de azúcares.


Assuntos
Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Ratos Wistar , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Obesidade/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Vitaminas/farmacologia , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Lipídeos , Glucose
7.
rev. psicogente ; 26(50)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536984

RESUMO

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es establecer los mecanismos de la actividad Bioquímica a través del Estrés Psicológico que influyen en la enfermedad del vitiligo desde una perspectiva neurocientifica, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los últimos 5 años. Método: La búsqueda sistemática se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science para identificar los estudios que describan la enfermedad de Vitiligo, el estrés psicológico y la bioquímica del cerebro, se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de los artículos, así mismo, se evaluó su calidad y pertinencia. Resultados: La revisión sistemática arrojó 15.503 artículos, 70 fueron preseleccionados de acuerdo a lo informado en el resumen y validados para lectura completa. Para la síntesis narrativa se utilizaron 23 artículos científicos. Conclusión: La enfermedad de vitiligo guarda una estrecha relación con el estrés psicológico y está acompañado de un desequilibrio bioquímico que conduce a un proceso inflamatorio y destructivo de los melanocitos de la piel.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish the mechanisms of biochemical activity through psychological stress that influence vitiligo disease from a neuroscientific perspective, through a systematic review of the literature of the last 5 years. Method: Systematic search was carried out in the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify studies describing Vitiligo disease, psychological stress and brain biochemistry, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the selection of articles, their quality and relevance were evaluated. Results: The systematic review yielded 15,503 articles, of which 70 were pre-selected as reported in the summary and validated for full reading. For the narrative synthesis 23 scientific articles were used. Conclusion: Vitiligo disease is closely related to psychological stress and is accompanied by a biochemical imbalance that leads to an inflammatory and destructive process of skin melanocytes.

8.
Nutr. hosp ; 40(6): 1183-1191, nov.-dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-228505

RESUMO

Introducción: la acumulación excesiva de tejido adiposo se acompaña de alteraciones en el estado inflamatorio y aumento del estrés oxidativo, variables que se asocian con la resistencia a la insulina e incremento en los niveles de glucosa e insulina. las vitaminas y minerales refuerzan la capacidad antioxidante e inflamatoria, por lo que planteamos que podrían coadyuvar en el control de resistencia a la insulina y en el metabolismo de la glucosa y lípidos en un modelo de obesidad en rata. Objetivo: analizar el efecto de un suplemento multivitamínico sobre marcadores de resistencia a la insulina, inflamación y estrés oxidativo en ratas obesas con dieta de cafetería. Métodos: se dividieron aleatoriamente 35 ratas macho Wistar de 28 días de edad en cuatro grupos: 1, control dieta estándar; 2, dieta estándar más multivitamínico; 3, obesas con dieta de cafetería; y 4, obesas con dieta de cafetería más multivitamínico. Después de los tratamientos se analizaron los niveles de glucosa, HbA1c, insulina, TNF-α, IL-6, estrés oxidativo y perfil de lípidos por métodos colorimétricos, así como el porcentaje de tejido adiposo y los índices Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Resultados: el suplemento multivitamínico disminuyó significativamente el tejido adiposo visceral, el índice HOMA, la glucosa, la HbA1c, el estrés oxidante y los marcadores inflamatorios en el grupo obeso más multivitamínico, en comparación con el grupo obeso con dieta de cafetería y el grupo control con dieta estándar. Sin embargo, en el grupo al que se le administró solo el multivitamínico sin dieta de cafetería aumentaron sus niveles de tejido adiposo total, glucosa y estrés oxidativo, así como el índice QUICKI con relación al grupo control con dieta estándar. (AU)


Introduction: excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by alterations in the inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress, and these variables are associated with insulin resistance and increased glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, vitamins and minerals reinforce the antioxidant and inflammatory capacity, for this reasons we propose that they could contribute to the control of insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of obesity. Objective: to analyze the effect of a multivitamin supplement on markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese rats on a cafeteria diet. Methods: thirty-five 28-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1, standard diet control; 2, standard diet plus multivitamin; 3, obese on a cafeteria diet; and 4, obese on a cafeteria diet plus multivitamin. After the treatments, glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, oxidative stress and lipid profile were analyzed by colorimetric methods, as well as the percentage of adipose tissue, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Results: multivitamin supplementation significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue, HOMA index, glucose, HbA1c, oxidant stress, and inflammatory markers in the obese plus multivitamin rat group, compared with the obese cafeteria diet rat group and the standard diet rat control group. However, the group that was administered only the multivitamin without the cafeteria diet had increased levels of total adipose tissue, glucose, and oxidative stress, as well as the QUICKI index relative to the control group with the standard diet. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Suplementos Nutricionais/efeitos adversos , Resistência à Insulina , Inflamação , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos Wistar , Obesidade , Dieta
9.
Angiol. (Barcelona) ; 75(6): 349-361, Nov-Dic. 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-229797

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: el estrés oxidativo (EO) ha demostrado clara influencia en el desarrollo de las placas de ateroma por daños provocados en endotelio vascular. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio de los principales marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con enfermedad aterosclerótica de la arteria carótida como signo de vulnerabilidad, analizar la implicación de la situación redox y el estado metabólico mitocondrial en patología aterosclerótica de la arteria carótida y su relación con clínica neurológica. Pacientes y métodos: se estudiaron las placas de ateroma obtenidas de pacientes intervenidos de endarectomía carotídea (asintomáticos y sintomáticos) en el Servicio de Angiología del Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid en el año 2020. Se recogieron variables clínicas y demográficas y la existencia de sintomatología neurológica. Las características anatómicas y hemodinámicas se estudiaron mediante estudio eco Doppler y angiografía mediante tomografía computarizada en el preoperatorio. Se analizaron placas de ateroma como estimadores del grado de peroxidación lipídica que reflejaron el estado redox. Se ha estimado un tamaño muestral de 45 muestras en cada grupo, con una tasa de pérdidas de seguimiento del 5 %. Se estudiaron las diferencias entre los grupos mediante χ2 y la t de Student para determinar relación entre el potencial redox con las características morfológicas de placa de ateroma. Se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS 27.0, aceptando como significativo un valor p < 0,05. Resultados: las placas de ateroma calcificadas mostraron mayor capacidad antioxidante con respecto a las placas de ateroma no calcificadas en el parámetro ABTS: 2,2-ácino-bis(ácido 3-etilbenzotiazolina-6-sulfónico) (2635,08 frente a 2803,28). La relación es estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,007)...(AU)


Introduction and objective: oxidative Stress (OS) has proven to have a clear impact on the development of atherosclerotic plaques due to the damage it causes to vascular endothelium. The aim of this study is to conduct a research on key oxidative stress markers in patients with carotid artery atherosclerotic disease as a sign of vulnerability, analyze the implications of the redox status and mitochondrial metabolic state in carotid artery atherosclerotic disease, and its relationship with neurological clinical presentation. Patients and methods: atherosclerotic plaques obtained from carotid endarterectomy patients (both asymptomatic and symptomatic) performed the Department of Angiology, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain in 2020 will be examined. The clinical-demographic variables and the presence of neurological symptoms will be recorded. Anatomical and hemodynamic characteristics will be studied using Doppler ultrasound and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) preoperatively. Atherosclerotic plaques will be analyzed as estimators of the degree of lipid peroxidation showing the redox state. A sample size of 45 speciments from each group has been estimated with a loss to follow-up rate of 5 %. Inter-group differences will be studied using the chi-square and Student’s t tests to establish the relationship between redox potential and morphological characteristics of the atheromatous plaque. SPSS 27.0 statistical software will be used, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: calcified atherosclerotic plaques showed higher antioxidant capacity compared to non-calcified plaques in the ABTS parameter (2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthioziozline-6-sulfonic)) (2635.08 vs 2803.28), with statistically significant relationship (p = 0.007). They also exhibited greater antioxidant defense when analyzing catalase activity (160.73 vs 175.13) and SOD activity (1.11 vs 1.49) (p = 0.049)...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/complicações , Estresse Oxidativo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Artérias Carótidas/cirurgia , Aterosclerose , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Sistema Cardiovascular
10.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 50(6)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550795

RESUMO

Oxidative stress (OS) occurs when the antioxidant defense system is overwhelmed by the predominance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-oxidant factors. Several diseases such as hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic OS. Physical exercise constitutes an affordable tool to prevent or ameliorate these conditions. However, during physical activity, acute ROS are produced inducing an activation in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-Gamma Coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), PGC-1α/Nrf2 pathway. This signaling pathway facilitates interaction with antioxidant response elements (ARE), thereby initiating an upregulation in the expression of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and mitochondrial biogenesis. In both cases, whether involving healthy animals or individuals engaged in physical exercise, supplementation with antioxidant scavengers leads to a reduction in the expression and activity of PGC-1α, SOD, CAT, and GPX across various tissues, which is not observed with indirect antioxidants. The preventive role of physical exercise against chronic OS is avoided when executed in conjunction with supplementation of scavenger antioxidants. However, similar to exercise, the indirect antioxidant apigenin can activate the PGC1-α/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Here, we summarize evidence supporting apigenin as a non-nutritional supplement that could enhance the adaptive effects of exercise, improving the endogenous antioxidant defense. Therefore, apigenin could be an interesting supplement to enhance the endogenous antioxidant adaptation induced by exercise in healthy subjects, but also to improve the effectiveness of exercise to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases.


El estrés oxidativo (OS) ocurre cuando el sistema de defensa antioxidante es sobrepasado por el predominio de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) y factores prooxidantes. Varias enfermedades como la hipertensión, la resistencia a la insulina, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y enfermedades neurodegenerativas se caracterizan por un OS crónico. El ejercicio físico constituye una herramienta asequible para prevenir o mejorar estas enfermedades. Sin embargo, durante la actividad física, se producen ROS agudas que inducen una activación en la vía PGC-1α/Nrf2. Esta vía de señalización facilita la interacción con los elementos de respuesta antioxidante (ARE), iniciando así una regulación que permite la expresión de enzimas antioxidantes, incluidas SOD, CAT, GPX y biogénesis mitocondrial. En ambos casos, ya sea que se trate de animales sanos o de individuos que practican ejercicio físico, la suplementación con antioxidantes "scavengers" conduce a una reducción en la expresión y actividad de PGC-1α, SOD, CAT y GPX en varios tejidos, lo que no se observa con antioxidantes "indirectos". El papel preventivo del ejercicio físico contra el OS crónico se atenúa cuando se realiza en conjunto con la suplementación de antioxidantes "scavengers". Sin embargo, de manera similar al ejercicio, la apigenina es un antioxidante "indirecto" que puede activar la vía de señalización PGC1-α/Nrf2. Aquí, resumimos la evidencia que respalda a apigenina como un suplemento no-nutricional que podría mejorar los efectos adaptativos del ejercicio, mejorando la defensa antioxidante endógena de sujetos sanos que no tienen suficiente tiempo para hacer ejercicio.

11.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(5): [e101382], sept.- oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226123

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo A mayor edad, mayor producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno y mayor estrés oxidativo, lo que se relaciona con el deterioro de la salud. Esta investigación analizó la relación entre el perfil oxidativo y el índice de diversidad de la dieta en una población urbano-marginal de adultos mayores de Costa Rica. Métodos Se trabajó con 88 adultos mayores a quienes se les determinó diversos marcadores de estrés oxidativo, niveles séricos de glucosa, perfil lipídico y algunos micronutrientes. Además, se calculó el índice de masa corporal y se determinó el índice de diversidad de la dieta (IDD). Resultados Se evidenció peroxidación lipídica y oxidación del ADN, un porcentaje de capacidad antioxidante plasmática total (% CAPT) promedio de 39,54±10,67%, el cual disminuyó con la edad. El 67% de los participantes presentó alteración en la glucemia, un 73% una o varias alteraciones en los niveles de lípidos sanguíneos, un 55% niveles insuficientes de vitamina D y un 68,6% presentó exceso de peso. El IDD promedio fue de 4,91 puntos, lo que indica que la dieta es poco diversa. No se encontró relación entre el IDD y el estado nutricional, ni entre el estado nutricional y el estrés oxidativo, ni entre las variables bioquímicas y el estrés oxidativo. Conclusión Los adultos estudiados presentaron un alto grado de estrés oxidativo, un elevado porcentaje de exceso de peso y un bajo IDD. Un mayor IDD se asoció con una menor concentración sanguínea de MDA y un mayor porcentaje de CAPT (AU)


Background and objective The older we get, the greater the production of reactive oxygen species and therefore the greater the oxidative stress, which is related to the deterioration of the health of older adults. This study analyzed the relationship between the oxidative profile and the dietary diversity index in an urban-marginal population of older adults in Costa Rica. Methods Eighty-eight older adults were studied and various markers of oxidative stress, serum glucose levels, lipid profile, and some micronutrients were determined. In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the dietary diversity index (DDI) was determined. Results Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, a mean plasma antioxidant capacity percentage of 39.54±10.67%, which decreased with age, were evidenced. 67% of the participants had alterations in glycemia, 73% had one or more alterations in blood lipid levels, 55% had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 68.6% were overweight. The average IDD was 4.91 points, indicating that the diet was not very diverse. No relationship was found between IDD and nutritional status, between nutritional status and oxidative stress, nor between biochemical variables and oxidative stress. Conclusion The adults studied presented high oxidative stress, a high percentage of overweight, and a low IDD. A higher IDD was associated with a lower blood concentration of MDA and a higher % PAC (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comportamento Alimentar , Dieta , Estresse Oxidativo , Envelhecimento , Índice de Massa Corporal
12.
Rev. int. androl. (Internet) ; 21(3): 1-7, jul.-sep. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222353

RESUMO

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Turkish propolis (EEP) on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rats in terms of biochemistry and histopathology, for the first time. Methods: A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group: control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and T/D+EEP (100mg/kg). Testicular torsion was performed by 720° rotating the left testicle in a clockwise direction. The duration of ischemia was 4h and orchiectomy was performed after 2h of detorsion. EEP was applied only once 30min before detorsion. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined using colorimetric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by proportioning tissue TOS and TAS values to each other. Tissue glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. Results: In the T/D group, it was determined that statistically significant decreasing in TAS, GSH, GPx levels and Johnsen score, and increasing in TOS, OSI and MDA levels (p<0.05) compared with control group. EEP administration statistically significantly restored this I/R damage (p<0.05). Conclusion: This is the first study to show that propolis prevent I/R-induced testicular damage through its antioxidant activity. More comprehensive studies are needed to see the underlying mechanisms. (AU)


Objetivo: Este estudio se realizó para evaluar por primera vez el efecto del extracto etanólico de propóleo turco (EEP) sobre el daño por isquemia/reperfusión (I/R) testicular en ratas en términos de bioquímica e histopatología. Métodos: Un total de 18 ratas macho Sprague-Dawley se dividieron en 3 grupos con 6 ratas en cada grupo: control, torsión/detorsión (T/D) y T/D+EEP (100mg/kg). La torsión testicular se realizó con una rotación de 720° del testículo izquierdo en el sentido de las agujas del reloj. La duración de la isquemia fue de 4h y la orquiectomía se realizó a las 2h de la detorsión. EEP se aplicó solo una vez 30min antes de la detorsión. Los niveles de malondialdehído tisular (MDA), estado oxidante total (TOS) y estado antioxidante total (TAS) se determinaron mediante métodos colorimétricos. El índice de estrés oxidativo (OSI) se calculó proporcionando los valores de TOS y TAS del tejido entre sí. Los niveles de glutatión tisular (GSH) y glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) se determinaron utilizando kits de ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas (ELISA). Se utilizó el sistema de puntuación de testículos de Johnsen para la evaluación histológica. Resultados: En el grupo T/D, se determina una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de TAS, GSH, GPx y puntuación de Johnsen y un aumento en los niveles de TOS, OSI y MDA (p<0,05) en comparación con el grupo control. La administración de EEP restauró de forma estadísticamente significativa este daño I/R (p<0,05). Conclusión: Este es el primer estudio que demuestra que el propóleo previene el daño testicular inducido por I/R a través de su actividad antioxidante. Se necesitan estudios más completos para ver los mecanismos subyacentes. (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Própole , Estresse Oxidativo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Torção do Cordão Espermático
13.
Rev. int. androl. (Internet) ; 21(3): 1-7, jul.-sep. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-222354

RESUMO

Objective: After the negative effects of smoking on public health were proven, smoking cessation campaigns were initiated by health ministries and non-governmental organizations. Many drugs have been tried to reduce the addiction to smoking and the nicotine contained in it. Recently, e-cigarettes (EC) are widely used for smoking cessation efforts, although the effects and possible harms are not fully known. In our study, we planned to show the effect of cigarette and EC smoke on the male urogenital system. Methods: Adult male wistar rats were exposed to cigarette and EC smoke in a specially designed glass bell jar. Urine cotinine levels, testicular weights, gonadosomatic index, sperm count and sperm motility, testicular histology, and biochemical findings were compared with the control group. Results: In some rats in the cigarette and EC group, the seminiferous tubules were disorganized, and the germ cells and Sertoli cells were separated and shed. Stopped germ cell separation, cavity formation, necrosis, fibrosis, and atrophy were observed in severe cases. Higher PCO levels were found in the cigarette group compared to controls. Tissue homogenates levels of LPO were higher in both EC and cigarette groups compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sperm motility and sperm count. (AU)


Objetivo: Una vez demostrados los efectos negativos del tabaquismo sobre la salud pública, los ministerios de salud y las ONG iniciaron campañas contra el consumo de tabaco. Hasta la fecha se han empleado múltiples fármacos en diferentes intentos por reducir la adicción al tabaco y el contenido de nicotina. Recientemente, el uso de cigarrillos electrónicos (CE) ha experimentado una amplia difusión como método para dejar de fumar, si bien sus efectos y posibles daños todavía no se conocen por completo. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los efectos de cigarrillos y de CE sobre el sistema urogenital masculino. Métodos: Se expusieron ejemplares masculinos adultos de rata Wistar al humo de cigarrillos y de CE en una campana de cristal especialmente diseñada para dicha prueba. Se compararon niveles de nicotina en orina, peso testicular, índice gonadosomático, recuento y movilidad de espermatozoides, histología testicular y variables bioquímicas con los de un grupo de control. Resultados: En algunas ratas del grupo de cigarrillo y de CE los túbulos seminíferos presentaban desorganización y las células germinales y de Sertoli mostraban separación y desprendimiento. En casos graves se apreció separación detenida de células germinales, formación de cavidades, necrosis, fibrosis y atrofia. En el grupo de cigarrillo se encontraron niveles más altos de PCO en relación con los individuos del grupo control. Los niveles de homogenato de tejido de LPO fueron más elevados tanto en los grupos de CE como de cigarrillos, en comparación con el grupo de control. No se observan diferencias significativas entre grupos en cuanto al recuento y la movilidad de espermatozoides. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ratos , Tabagismo , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Sistema Urogenital , Estresse Oxidativo , Tabaco/efeitos adversos
14.
An. R. Acad. Nac. Farm. (Internet) ; 89(3): 327-364, Juli-Sep. 2023. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226790

RESUMO

Las enfermedades neurodegenerativas se caracterizan por un deterioro neuronal progresivo e irreversible. Aunque constituyen un grupo de patologías muy heterogéneo, la mayoría comparten un origen multifactorial y una estrecha relación con el envejecimiento. El aumento de la esperanza de vida a nivel mundial ha convertido a estas patologías en una amenaza para los sistemas sanitarios y de cuidados, pues su prevalencia crece de forma paralela al envejecimiento de la población. Destacan entre ellas, por su elevada prevalencia o por el impacto sanitario que tienen, las enfermedades de Alzheimer, Parkinson y Huntington; y la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. El conocimiento sobre el origen de estas enfermedades es generalmente muy limitado, lo que condiciona la extrema dificultad de su manejo clínico. No existen métodos fiables para su diagnóstico temprano, por lo que su detección se suele producir cuando el deterioro clínico es ya irreversible. Por otra parte, los tratamientos disponibles hoy en día son meramente paliativos, ya que el desconocimiento sobre las causas primarias de la enfermedad y su diagnóstico tardío impiden el desarrollo de tratamientos capaces de detener o revertir el deterioro estructural y funcional. En los últimos años se han identificado varios fenómenos patológicos que podrían constituir las verdaderas causas primigenias de estas enfermedades, destacando el estrés oxidativo, las alteraciones de la proteostasis y la neuroinflamación: en las conexiones entre ellos y en su capacidad para retroalimentarse podrían estar algunas de las respuestas necesarias para avanzar hacia un abordaje clínico efectivo de los procesos neurodegenerativos.(AU)


Neurodegenerative diseases are defined by a progressive and irreversible impairment of neurons. Despite being a very heterogeneous group of pathologies, they share some common features, such as their multifactorial origin and their close correlation with ageing. As worldwide life expectancy increases, these diseases have become a tough challenge for healthcare systems as their prevalence is raising in the same way. The most important neurodegenerative disorders, because of their prevalence or their health impact, are Alzheimer´s, Parkinson´s and Huntington´s diseases; and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The knowledge about their origin is still very poor, so their clinical management is far from being adequate. There are not reliable methods for early diagnosis, so these diseases are usually detected when tissue damage is irreparable. Furthermore, current available therapies are intended only for symptomatic relief, since the misunderstanding about the real causes of these diseases and their delayed diagnosis hinder the development of new treatments being able to stop or even reverse the structural and functional decline. In the last few years, some pathological events have been identified as potential key factors to understand the origin of neurodegeneration. Among them, we shall mention oxidative stress, impaired proteostasis and neuroinflammation: a deeper knowledge about their interconnections and their ability to feedback each other could provide valuable information to progress towards an effective clinical management of neurodegenerative disorders.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/etiologia , Saúde Holística , Estresse Oxidativo , Proteostase , Disfunção Cognitiva , Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral , Doença de Huntington , Doença de Parkinson , Doença de Alzheimer , Envelhecimento
15.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(4): 185-194, Juli-Agos. 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223628

RESUMO

Introducción: El aneurisma aórtico abdominal (AAA) es una afección degenerativa y multifactorial caracterizada por una dilatación progresiva de la aorta y activación crónica de inflamación, actividad proteolítica y estrés oxidativo en la pared vascular. La respuesta inmune dependiente de anticuerpos IgG frente a antígenos expuestos en el vaso dañado está implicada en la formación y progresión del AAA, aunque los mecanismos no son del todo conocidos. En este trabajo analizamos la funcionalidad de los receptores Fc de IgG (FcγR), en particular los expresados por el monocito/macrófago, en el desarrollo del AAA experimental. Métodos: En el modelo de AAA inducido por perfusión aórtica de elastasa se examinaron, mediante histología y PCR cuantitativa, las aortas abdominales de ratones de fenotipo salvaje y de ratones deficientes en FcγR, sin y con transferencia adoptiva de macrófagos. In vitro, macrófagos murinos se transfectaron con ARN de interferencia de FcγRIV/CD16.2 o se trataron con un inhibidor de la cinasa Syk antes de la estimulación con inmunocomplejos de IgG. Resultados: La transferencia adoptiva de macrófagos a ratones deficientes en FcγR incrementó su susceptibilidad al desarrollo de AAA. En los ratones que recibieron macrófagos con FcγR funcionales se observó un mayor incremento del diámetro aórtico y del contenido de macrófagos y linfocitos B, así como un aumento en la expresión de la quimiocina CCL2, las citocinas TNF-α e IL-17, la metaloproteinasa MMP2, la enzima prooxidante NADPH oxidasa-2 y las isoformas FcγRIII/CD16 y FcγRIV/CD16.2. In vitro, tanto el silenciamiento génico de FcγRIV/CD16.2 como la inhibición de Syk en macrófagos redujeron la producción de citocinas y anión superóxido inducida por inmunocomplejos...(AU)


Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial, degenerative disease characterized by progressive aortic dilation and chronic activation of inflammation, proteolytic activity, and oxidative stress in the aortic wall. The immune response triggered by antibodies against antigens present in the vascular wall participates in the formation and progression of AAA through mechanisms not completely understood. This work analyses the function of specific IgG receptors (FcγR), especially those expressed by monocytes/macrophages, in the development of experimental AAA. Methods: In the elastase-induced AAA model, the abdominal aortas from wildtype and FcγR deficient mice with/without macrophage adoptive transfer were analysed by histology and quantitative PCR. In vitro, mouse macrophages were transfected with RNA interference of FcγRIV/CD16.2 or treated with Syk kinase inhibitor before stimulation with IgG immune complexes. Results: Macrophage adoptive transfer in FcγR deficient mice increased the susceptibility to AAA development. Mice receiving macrophages with functional FcγR exhibited higher aortic diameter increase, higher content of macrophages and B lymphocytes, and upregulated expression of chemokine CCL2, cytokines (TNF-α and IL-17), metalloproteinase MMP2, prooxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase-2, and the isoforms FcγRIII/CD16 and FcγRIV/CD16.2. In vitro, both FcγRIV/CD16.2 gene silencing and Syk inhibition reduced cytokines and reactive oxygen species production induced by immune complexes in macrophages. Conclusions: Activation of macrophage FcγR contributes to AAA development by inducing mediators of inflammation, proteolysis, and oxidative stress. Modulation of FcγR or effector molecules may represent a potential target for AAA treatment.


Assuntos
Humanos , Receptores Fc , Ativação de Macrófagos , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal , Estresse Oxidativo
16.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 58(5): 101382, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37450985

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The older we get, the greater the production of reactive oxygen species and therefore the greater the oxidative stress, which is related to the deterioration of the health of older adults. This study analyzed the relationship between the oxidative profile and the dietary diversity index in an urban-marginal population of older adults in Costa Rica. METHODS: Eighty-eight older adults were studied and various markers of oxidative stress, serum glucose levels, lipid profile, and some micronutrients were determined. In addition, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated and the dietary diversity index (DDI) was determined. RESULTS: Lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation, a mean plasma antioxidant capacity percentage of 39.54±10.67%, which decreased with age, were evidenced. 67% of the participants had alterations in glycemia, 73% had one or more alterations in blood lipid levels, 55% had insufficient vitamin D levels, and 68.6% were overweight. The average IDD was 4.91 points, indicating that the diet was not very diverse. No relationship was found between IDD and nutritional status, between nutritional status and oxidative stress, nor between biochemical variables and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: The adults studied presented high oxidative stress, a high percentage of overweight, and a low IDD. A higher IDD was associated with a lower blood concentration of MDA and a higher % PAC.


Assuntos
Dieta , Sobrepeso , Humanos , Idoso , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Lipídeos
17.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 70(6): 327-340, Jun-Jul. 2023. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221248

RESUMO

Antecedentes: El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el posible efecto de dexmedetomidina en el desarrollo de tolerancia a la morfina en ratas, incluyendo nocicepción, analgesia con morfina, apoptosis, estrés oxidativo, y las vías del factor de necrosis tumoral (TNF)/interleucina-1 (IL-1). Materiales y métodos: En este estudio se utilizaron 36 ratas Wistar Albino (225–245 g) dividiéndose a los animales en seis grupos: solución salina (S), 20 mcg/kg de dexmedetomidina (D), 5 mg/kg de morfina (M), M + D, tolerancia a la morfina (MT), y MT + D. El efecto analgésico se midió mediante las pruebas analgésicas de placa caliente (hot-plate) y de retirada de la cola (tail-flick). Tras dichas pruebas, se extirparon los ganglios de la raíz dorsal (GRD), y se midieron en los tejidos de los mismos los parámetros del estrés oxidativo (estado antioxidante total [TAS], estado oxidante total [TOS]), TNF, IL-1 y enzimas de la apoptosis (Caspasa-3, Caspasa-9). Resultados: Dexmedetomidina reflejó un efecto antinociceptivo al administrarse en solitario (p < 0,05 a p < 0,001). Además, dexmedetomidina incrementó el efecto analgésico de la morfina (p < 0,001), y también redujo la tolerancia a la morfina a un nivel significativo (p < 0,01 a p < 0,001), reduciendo también los niveles de estrés oxidativo (p < 0,001) y TNF/IL-1 al administrarse como fármaco adicional al grupo de dosis única de morfina y tolerancia a la morfina (p < 0,001). Además, dexmedetomidina redujo los niveles de Caspasa-3 y Caspasa-9 tras el desarrollo de tolerancia (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Dexmedetomidina tiene propiedades antinociceptivas, e incrementa el efecto analgésico de la morfina, previniendo también el desarrollo de tolerancia. Estos efectos se producen probablemente debido a la modulación del estrés oxidativo, la inflamación y la apoptosis.(AU)


Background: The aim of the present study is to examine the possible effect de dexmedetomidine on the development of morphine tolerance in rats including nociception, morphine analgesia, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/ interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathways. Materials and methods: In this study, 36 Wistar Albino (225–245 g) rats were used. Animals were divided into 6 groups: saline (S), 20 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine (D), 5 mg/kg morphine (M), M + D, morphine tolerance (MT), and MT + D. The analgesic effect was measured with hot plate and tail-flick analgesia tests. After the analgesia tests, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) tissues were excised. Oxidative stress parameters [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS)], TNF, IL-1 and apoptosis enzymes (Caspase-3, Caspase-9), were measured in DRG tissues. Results: Dexmedetomidine showed an antinociceptive effect when given alone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition, dexmedetomidine increased the analgesic effect of morphine (p < 0.001), and also decreased the tolerance to morphine at a significant level (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Moreover, it decreased oxidative stress (p < 0.001) and TNF/IL-1 levels when given as an additional drug of single-dose morphine and morphine tolerance group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, dexmedetomidine decreased Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels after tolerance development (p < 0.001). Conclusión: Dexmedetomidine has antinociceptive properties, and it increases the analgesic effect of morphine and also prevents tolerance development. These effects probably occur by the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Dexmedetomidina/efeitos adversos , Morfina , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Estresse Oxidativo , Apoptose , Analgesia , Anestesiologia , Caspase 9 , Caspase 3
18.
Rev Int Androl ; 21(3): 100364, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37267854

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Turkish propolis (EEP) on testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage in rats in terms of biochemistry and histopathology, for the first time. METHODS: A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups with six rats in each group: control, torsion/detorsion (T/D), and T/D+EEP (100mg/kg). Testicular torsion was performed by 720° rotating the left testicle in a clockwise direction. The duration of ischemia was 4h and orchiectomy was performed after 2h of detorsion. EEP was applied only once 30min before detorsion. Tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were determined using colorimetric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated by proportioning tissue TOS and TAS values to each other. Tissue glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Johnsen's testicle scoring system was used for histological evaluation. RESULTS: In the T/D group, it was determined that statistically significant decreasing in TAS, GSH, GPx levels and Johnsen score, and increasing in TOS, OSI and MDA levels (p<0.05) compared with control group. EEP administration statistically significantly restored this I/R damage (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that propolis prevent I/R-induced testicular damage through its antioxidant activity. More comprehensive studies are needed to see the underlying mechanisms.


Assuntos
Própole , Traumatismo por Reperfusão , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Testículo , Própole/farmacologia , Própole/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Isquemia , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Reperfusão
19.
Rev Int Androl ; 21(3): 100365, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37276739

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: After the negative effects of smoking on public health were proven, smoking cessation campaigns were initiated by health ministries and non-governmental organizations. Many drugs have been tried to reduce the addiction to smoking and the nicotine contained in it. Recently, e-cigarettes (EC) are widely used for smoking cessation efforts, although the effects and possible harms are not fully known. In our study, we planned to show the effect of cigarette and EC smoke on the male urogenital system. METHODS: Adult male wistar rats were exposed to cigarette and EC smoke in a specially designed glass bell jar. Urine cotinine levels, testicular weights, gonadosomatic index, sperm count and sperm motility, testicular histology, and biochemical findings were compared with the control group. RESULTS: In some rats in the cigarette and EC group, the seminiferous tubules were disorganized, and the germ cells and Sertoli cells were separated and shed. Stopped germ cell separation, cavity formation, necrosis, fibrosis, and atrophy were observed in severe cases. Higher PCO levels were found in the cigarette group compared to controls. Tissue homogenates levels of LPO were higher in both EC and cigarette groups compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of sperm motility and sperm count. CONCLUSION: Cigarette and EC liquid can increase oxidative stress as well as cause morphological changes in the testicle. To be a safe option in smoking cessation studies, its effect on people needs to be enlightened.


Assuntos
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Fumar , Masculino , Ratos , Animais , Testículo , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Sêmen , Fumaça
20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37286034

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study is to examine the possible effect de dexmedetomidine on the development of morphine tolerance in rats including nociception, morphine analgesia, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/ interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 36 Wistar Albino (225-245 g) rats were used. Animals were divided into 6 groups: saline (S), 20 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine (D), 5 mg/kg morphine (M), M + D, morphine tolerance (MT), and MT + D. The analgesic effect was measured with hot plate and tail-flick analgesia tests. After the analgesia tests, the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) tissues were excised. Oxidative stress parameters [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS)], TNF, IL-1 and apoptosis enzymes (Caspase-3, Caspase-9), were measured in DRG tissues. RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine showed an antinociceptive effect when given alone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). In addition, dexmedetomidine increased the analgesic effect of morphine (p < 0.001), and also decreased the tolerance to morphine at a significant level (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Moreover, it decreased oxidative stress (p < 0.001) and TNF/IL-1 levels when given as an additional drug of single-dose morphine and morphine tolerance group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, dexmedetomidine decreased Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 levels after tolerance development (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine has antinociceptive properties, and it increases the analgesic effect of morphine and also prevents tolerance development. These effects probably occur by the modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.


Assuntos
Dexmedetomidina , Morfina , Ratos , Animais , Morfina/farmacologia , Dexmedetomidina/farmacologia , Caspase 3 , Caspase 9 , Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Interleucina-1 , Ratos Wistar , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos alfa 2 , Estresse Oxidativo
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